Some changes to our vision are normal as we get older; however, vision loss and blindness are not part of aging. The most common natural aging eye problems include difficulty seeing objects clearly, trouble distinguishing colors or shapes and the need for more light to see. Glasses, corrective lenses or improved lighting usually remedy these issues. But, some vision changes are indications of a more serious problem like cataract. 

Cataract is a common eye problem for seniors. A cataract is the clouding of the lens of the eye and can affect one or both eyes. According to the National Eye Institute, by age 80, more than half of all Americans either have a cataract or have had cataract surgery. The lens of the eye is made mainly of water and special proteins that are arranged in a way to keep the lens transparent. In a normal eye, the lens is clear and allows light in to the retina. Once the light reaches the retina, the light becomes nerve signals that are sent to the brain. As we age, the lens proteins may clump together and start to cloud a small area of the lens creating a cataract. This interferes with the retina receiving clear images. Over time, the cataract may grow larger and cloud more of the lens, making it harder to see. Symptoms of cataract can include blurry vision, colors appearing faded, sensitivity to light, double vision and decreased ability to see at night.

What can be done?

The symptoms of early cataract can be improved with new eyeglasses, brighter lighting, anti-glare sunglasses or magnifying lenses. If these options do not help, surgery is the only effective treatment. Surgery involves removing the cloudy lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. A doctor may recommend cataract surgery when vision loss impacts everyday activities or interferes with the treatment of another eye condition. Cataracts grow slowly over time and in some cases, surgery can be delayed. Consulting an eye health professional can help determine the best solution to cataract symptoms.

Maintaining good eye health is an important part of seniors protecting their eyesight and reducing the likelihood of developing serious eye conditions or diseases. People over 60 should have a dilated eye exam every year. A dilated exam helps eye care professionals to see inside the eye to check on the condition of critical tissues that aid vision. Most eye diseases that impact older people have few or no early warning signs, but an annual dilated eye exam can help detect eye diseases or problems before they can cause vision loss or blindness. A healthy lifestyle that includes smart food choices and maintaining an appropriate weight can support eye health. Diabetes, high blood pressure and smoking have been linked to the development of eye problems. Seniors with diabetes and/or high blood pressure should make sure their condition is regularly managed. Older adults who smoke should quit. Finally, it’s important to protect the eyes from the sun’s harmful light. When outside, seniors need to protect their eyes with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses that block ultraviolet (UV) light.

If you are experiencing vision problems or concerned about cataract, consult your eye healthcare professional.